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1. Fed, not fasted: is carbohydrate mouth rinsing still ergogenic? A three-level meta-analysis Deng H, Fan X, Liu P, et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 41199504Full text
2. Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Calorie Restriction on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Kazeminasab F, Sharafifard F, Bahrami Kerchi A, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 40573103Full text
3. Maltodextrin-Based Carbohydrate Oral Rinsing and Exercise Performance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Hartley C, Carr A, Bowe SJ, et al. · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 35239154Full text
4. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis Correia JM, Santos I, Pezarat-Correia P, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 32408718Full text
5. Effects of fasted vs fed-state exercise on performance and post-exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis Aird TP, Davies RW, Carson BP · Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2018 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 29315892
6. Efficacy of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 6'-Sialyllactose Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Training Adaptations Estes L, Broeckel J, Rhoades N, et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42280386Full text
7. Effects of carbohydrate, caffeine, and combined mouth rinses on physiological and perceptual responses during high-intensity interval exercise following a pre-exercise meal: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial Suen MW, Sun F, Ali A, et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40966095Full text
8. The Role of Fermentable Fibre on Endurance Exercise Capacity: A Randomised Crossover Trial of Inulin Supplementation Torquati L, Power H, Pons T, et al. · Nutrition bulletin · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40400074Full text
9. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Enhances Substrate Metabolism, Exercise Efficiency and Reduces Post-Exercise Fatigue in Active Young Males Luan C, Wang Y, Li J, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40219047Full text
10. Assessment of Urolithin A effects on muscle endurance, strength, inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein metabolism in male athletes with resistance training: an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Zhao H, Zhu H, Yun H, et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39487653Full text
11. Fasting Before Evening Exercise Reduces Net Energy Intake and Increases Fat Oxidation, but Impairs Performance in Healthy Males and Females Slater T, Mode WJA, Pinkney MG, et al. · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36170970
12. Hypoxic high-intensity interval training in individuals with overweight and obesity Ghaith A, Chacaroun S, Borowik A, et al. · American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36121143
13. Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload Poffé C, Ramaekers M, Van Thienen R, et al. · The Journal of physiology · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31039280Full text
14. Ergogenic effect of a traditional natural powder: ghavoot Meamarbashi A, Tavakoli AM · Journal of dietary supplements · 2014 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 25025852
15. Effect of niacin ER/lovastatin on claudication symptoms in patients with peripheral artery disease Hiatt WR, Hirsch AT, Creager MA, et al. · Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2010 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 20212073
16. The effects of fasting on metabolism and performance Maughan RJ, Fallah J, Coyle EF · British journal of sports medicine · 2010 · Review DOIPubMed 20484315
17. Fuel for the Work Required: A Theoretical Framework for Carbohydrate Periodization and the Glycogen Threshold Hypothesis Impey SG, Hearris MA, Hammond KM, et al. · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018 · Journal article DOIPubMed 29453741Full text