Protokol
Produljeno gladovanje (48 sati i više): što kažu dokazi
Višednevno, unos vode ili minimalan unos hrane
Što dokazi podupiru
Proučavano je uglavnom zbog metaboličkih biljega i biljega autofagije, a ne zbog gubitka tjelesne mase. Učinci na ketonska tijela i inzulin su stvarni i mjerljivi. [1]
Sindrom ponovnog hranjenja stvaran je klinički rizik nakon produljenog gladovanja i može biti smrtonosan. Poremećaj elektrolita specifična je opasnost. Ovo nije protokol za početnike i nije prikladan bez nadzora.
Nalaz koji ljudi propuštaju
U randomiziranoj literaturi, protokoli gladovanja proizvode gubitak tjelesne mase usporediv s kontinuiranim ograničenjem energije jednake veličine. Kada istraživanje izjednači kalorije, skupina koja gladuje rijetko pobjeđuje. To se dosljedno navodi u istraživanjima, ali se dosljedno slabo prenosi javnosti, jer „djeluje otprilike jednako dobro kao manje jesti" nije dobar naslov.
Ipak je to koristan rezultat. Za neke ljude pravilo o tome kada jesti mnogo je lakše slijediti od pravila o tome koliko jesti, a upravo pridržavanje protokolu tijekom godine dana zapravo određuje ishod.
Drugi protokoli
- Vremenski ograničena prehrana 16:8 — jedenje unutar 8 sati, gladovanje 16 sati
- Ranije vremenski ograničena prehrana — prozor za jedenje pomaknut ranije, npr. 8:00-16:00
- Dijeta 5:2 — dva dana u tjednu s izrazitim ograničenjem kalorija
- Gladovanje svaki drugi dan — alterniranje dana normalne prehrane s danima gladovanja ili vrlo niskog kalorijskog unosa
- Jedan obrok dnevno (OMAD) — samo jedan obrok tijekom dana
Djeluje li produljeno gladovanje (48 sati i dulje)?
Je li bolje od jednostavnog manjeg unosa hrane?
Hoću li izgubiti mišićnu masu?
Tko bi to trebao izbjegavati?
References
Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.
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Intermittent fasting for adults with overweight or obesity Garegnani LI, Oltra G, Ivaldi D, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 41692034Full text
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Effects of time-restricted eating on markers of glucose metabolism and regulation in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Viple F, Pedersen SS, Andersen TH, et al. · Diabetologia · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42507108
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Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Intake in Humans: a Systematic Review Yoshimura E, Oi N, Abe K, et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 41655947Full text
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The effects of low carbohydrate diets including intermittent fasting on body weight, glycaemia, and quality of life measures in adults with type 1 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review Zhen XM, Purcell AR, Glastras SJ, et al. · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 42097900
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Comparison of Different Intermittent Fasting Patterns or Different Extents of Calorie Restriction for Weight Loss and Metabolic Improvement in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Wu X, Ding Y, Cao Q, et al. · Nutrition reviews · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 40367516
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Dietary Interventions and Testosterone Levels in Obese Men: A Systematic Review Comparing the Mediterranean Diet, Ketogenic Diet, and Intermittent Fasting La Vignera S, Condorelli RA · Nutrients · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 42588040Full text
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Meta-analysis and meta-regression of intermittent fasting effects on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analyses and variability Anasanti MD, Hamzah N · Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 40849220
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The effects of intermittent fasting on sleep quality and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Yong YN, McCubbin AJ, O'Driscoll DM, et al. · Sleep medicine reviews · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 41202521
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Food Intake According to Clock Gene Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review Campos LT, Fonseca PF, Rocha DMUP, et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40787788Full text
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Intermittent fasting for weight management and metabolic health: An updated comprehensive umbrella review of health outcomes Hua Z, Yang S, Li J, et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 39618023
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Longer-term effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis Khalafi M, Maleki AH, Ehsanifar M, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 39501676
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Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials Semnani-Azad Z, Khan TA, Chiavaroli L, et al. · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 40533200Full text